Taking a Look at Capital Punishment - 1004 Words

William Furman murdered William Micke on August 11, 1967 in Savannah, Georgia. Furman was unemployed, and only had a sixth grade education. William Furman became depressed, and started to commit theft for food and money. Furman was caught stealing several times, but was only given a light sentence. At 2 a.m. on August 11, William Furman broke into the house of William Micke, while Micke and his five children were sleeping. William Micke heard a noise and went downstairs to see where the noise was coming from. He spotted Furman, and Furman ran for the back door. William Furman tripped over an exposed wire and the gun in Furman’s hand went off. The bullet hit William Ficke, killing him instantly. The Furman v. Georgia case started in the district court and then moved up to the appellate court. Furman was sentenced to death by the appellate court after a one day trial. He made the argument that his eighth and fourteenth amendment rights were being violated. The case m oved up to the Supreme Court of the United States. In the trial, Furman had four main arguments: most western nations had abolished capital punishment because it was an unsuccessful way to deter crime; juries only handed out about 100 death penalties each year, and only about 50 prisoners were sentenced to death so capital punishment was not being issued objectively; national prison records stated that executions almost always involved black prisoners; and the only reason why capital punishment hadShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Capital Punishment1003 Words   |  4 PagesCapital punishment is a topic highly debated upon. For years the court systems have been debating whether the criminals deserve this strict punishment or not. However, despite the verdict from the judge, people have still been divided on whether capital punishment does more harm than good. A major subject that comes up is if the government has a justifiable reason for killing convicted people. Some only look at the negative but there are plenty of reasons why this is a positive action. Capital punishmentRead MoreTaking a Look at Capital Punishment677 Words   |  3 Pagesdeath penalty for alleged criminals in the United States needs to change because there is an unacceptable number of posthumous exonerations, and a negative generational impact on the family of the accused. The death penalty is a common method of capital punishment in the United States, used mainly for serious crimes such as murder. Currently, there are five different authorized methods of execution in this country: hanging, electrocution, lethal gas, firing squad, and lethal injection. Of these five,Read MoreTaking a Look at Capital Punishment1080 Words   |  4 Pages Since 1608, legal systems have used capital punishment as justice. â€Å"As of November 2014, 32 states have the death penalty. There have been a total of 1348 executions from January 1977 to the end of 2014† (capitalpunishmentuk). The capital punishment only affects those who sentenced in the crime of rape or murder. The most popular death method is lethal injection. There are other options such as â€Å"electrocution, hanging, shooting, and the gas chamber† (capitalpunishmentuk) but theses alternativeRead MoreTaking a Look at Capital Punishment606 Words   |  2 PagesWould you rather want the murderer of your loved one to have a capital punishment or do you want them to spend their entire life in a prison cell? That question raises a lot of controversy to the public because of the capital punishment. To prevent criminals from killing they are given a capital punishment who has committed horrendous crimes to satisfy oneself, but many people think that criminals shou ldnt be given death penalty because it decreases the value of life. In the article â€Å"Death andRead MoreTaking a Look at Capital Punishment2178 Words   |  9 PagesCapital punishment also known as the death penalty is a sentence which requires the use of deadly force on high risk inmates. This form of punishment has become a controversial topic for many debates. 58 nations are currently using capital punishment in their justice systems, 97 countries have decided to abolish it completely. Canada decided to abolish capital punishment from the Canadian Criminal Code in 1976, and many argue whether the abolishment had any positive outcome on Canada’s justice systemRead MoreTaking a Look at Capital Punishment764 Words   |  3 PagesDeath penalty is also known as capital punishment. Capital Punishment is a penalty of execution, administered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime. The death penalty was established in America in 1608. The British influenced America to use the death sentence. The first recorded practice of the death penalty in America was to Caption George Kendall in Virginia, he was found guilty of being a spy for Spain. However, the death penalty came long before Captain George Kendall. The first establishedRead MoreCessation of Life: Who are we to choose?- A look into the Death Penalty686 Words   |  3 Pages The topic of capital punishment is a hot one. Human beings are capable of doing some monstrous things. For a victim of a heinous crime, sometimes the only justice seems to be an eye for an eye. And most of the time those victims look to our court systems to provide that justice. But is death the answer? I believe that with human fallibility and the fallibility of our court system as variables, that a sentence that cannot be overturned should not be passed down in any case, especially when thatRead MoreA Hanging By George Orwell1141 Words   |  5 Pagesconvey his argument against capital punishment. Orwell as an officer of the law is sworn to enforce the laws of the state, even if he disagrees with them morally. Orwell wrote â€Å"A Hanging† using an event he acted in to describe his point on why capital punishment is a crime against nature. Although as a police man he could not oppose the law, his story â€Å"A Hanging†, Orwell shows his opposition through many s ymbolic forms. Like Orwell I too am against capital punishment, by writing â€Å"A Hanging† GeorgeRead More Capital Punishment Essay - Justice in Retribution1470 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment: Justice in Retribution       The American government operates in the fashion of an indirect democracy. Citizens live under a social contract whereby individuals agree to forfeit certain rights for the good of the whole. Punishments for crimes against the state are carried out via due process, guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. The use of capital punishment is decided by the state, which is legal in thirty-seven states. It is a moral imperative to protect the states rightsRead MorePersuasive Essay On Capital Punishment906 Words   |  4 PagesWhen talking about social injustices, capital punishment is the worst one of all. It is the final straw of any government sanctioned disciplinary action. There is no going back, no reversing or patching up mistakes. When a government makes the decision to exact capital punishment on someone, that’s it. They can no longer redeem themselves, atone for their sins, and try to contribute to society in a good, well-mannered way because they will no longer exist i n this world. This act of ‘justice’ is clearly

Durkheims Work in Sociology Essay - 1500 Words

Durkheims Work in Sociology Some studies maybe more recent, but Durkheims work remains the most significant Sociological analysis of Suicide in modern societies Assess the extent to which Sociological arguments and evidence support this claim. In regards to Suicide it would seem perhaps more realistic to consider the subject as an individual and personal act, a job which might seem more suitable for Psychologists to explain, it may not seem an obvious subject for a Sociologist to study. In the past it has been more commonly thought that Suicide was a result of a persons mental state, however suicide was given an all new perspective once Durkheim in 1897 used Positivist methods to study†¦show more content†¦Also the statistics showed that the suicide rate dropped in times of war or political upheaval, For example, the suicide rate dropped 14 percent after war broke out between Austria and Italy in 1866. And by using multivariate analysis Durkheim confirmed his theory that religion was a main factor and that it wasnt just dependent on some nations. He found that in Bavaria, which has the highest number of Roman Catholics in Germany also has the lowest suicide rate. Continuing on from his research and by using Empirical evidence Durkheim determined that there were four types of suicide; Altruistic, Fatalistic, Anomic and Egoistic. And that these suicides were a result of Social Integration or Moral Regulation and the excess or lack of either. Altruistic is a result of over integration, a self sacrifice out of duty to others or to benefit others. For example, Hindu widows would kill themselves at their husbands funeral. Egoistic is a result of under integration, such is when a person isnt sufficiently part of a group to which they should belong. It can be argued that this is one of the reasons why Protestants are more prone to suicide than Catholics, because there is a lesser sense of community. Fatalistic is a result of over regulation, in the case of when a person is too restricted byShow MoreRelatedThe Theories of Emile Durkkheim Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesof Emile Durkheim Emile Durkheim also referred to as â€Å"The Father of Sociology† (Thio, 2002), played a critical role in establishing theories based on â€Å"Social Facts† (Thio, 2002) He is best known for his views of â€Å"social reality†( Thio, 2002) and their ties into how a society works. He was said to be a sociologist who played an important part in the development of â€Å"structural functionalism† (Thio, 2002), and sociology as a whole. His four major studies, or publications, have assured him a placeRead MoreWhy Durkheim s Work Suicide Is Significant For The Discipline Of Sociology1323 Words   |  6 Pagesexplain why Durkheim’s work Suicide is significant for the discipline of sociology. The action of suicide has been in society since the dawn of man. Before Durkheim’s research, no one has been able to thoroughly explain why suicide occurs within a society. What s so great about Durkheim’s research is that it shows different reasons behin d why people commit suicide. His research also shows who is more likely to commit suicide than others. One of Emile Durkheim’s main goal was to develop sociology as a distinctRead MoreSummary of Durkheims Sociological Theory958 Words   |  4 PagesEmile Durkheim is one of the major leaders in the delineation of sociology. Durkheim set out on a mission to define how sociology should be considered and how the method of sociology should be used. Although Durkheim’s writing does touch upon certain moral, political organization, and intellectual issues, overall, Durkheim sets out to provide a theoretical construction for the study of sociology. Durkheim desires to understand societal life through various social constructs. His agenda entailsRead MoreEssay Emile Durkheim and the Collective Conscience1109 Words   |  5 PagesCollective Conscience Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) was a French sociologist who strongly influenced the discipline of sociology. It was apparent to Durkheim that since the French Revolution, the nation had been wracked by conflict and moral crisis (Stones, 2008). At the individual level, rising suicide rates reflected a growing sense of malaise. Durkheim’s goal was to develop a sociology that would help France overcome this continuing moral crisis. By tracing the influences on Durkheim to his predecessorRead MoreCrime Is Necessary: Durkheim’s Theory of Crime729 Words   |  3 Pagesand The Division of Labor, society plays a large role in our actions and Durkheim explains that reasons to which why crime is executable. Experts in the Department of Sociology have given their own words and critiques toward Durkheim’s theory. there are many theories of crime out there, but the most agreeable one is Emile Durkheim’s Theory of crime. The french sociologist states in his book Suicide that: â€Å"Now there is no society known where a more or less developed criminality is found under differentRead MoreThe Theory Of Suicide And Suicide1339 Words   |  6 PagesSince scientific evidence showed that suicide rates skyrocket progressively across all age: children and adolescent (McClure, 1994), Middle-age (Manton et al., 1987) and the elderly (Draper, 1996), studying suicide have become an important issue in sociology. Suicide is a complex issue which may combine several factors such as development factors, social factors, and culture factors (Goldsmith, 2002). However, Durkheim (1897) provided a classical model including four types of suicide: altruistic suicideRead MoreWhat Held Societies and Social Groups Together1096 Words   |  5 Pagessocial theorist whose main concern was the basis of integration and solidarity in human societies. Initially, his focus was society as a whole, later he brought his attention to examining rituals and interactions of people in face-to-f ace contact. Durkheim’s main concern was to analyze how societies could maintain their integrity and coherence in the modern era, when things such as shared religious and ethnic background could no longer be assumed. In response to this concern, he wrote greatly aboutRead MoreEmile Durkheim s Influence On Anthropology, Religion, Law And Political Theory915 Words   |  4 Pagesfigures in Western sociology.† He is accountable for authenticating society as a focus of study and for institutionalising sociology as an academic subject. Durkheim demonstrated that sociology has its own distinctive subject matter that could be studied scientifically. His work influenced many areas, in particular, his idea of society as a moral construct has had a great impact on anthropology, history, religion, law and political theory. Although he was known for his advanced work in sociologicalRead MoreEssay about The Life of Emile Durkheim1371 Words   |  6 Pageslocated in the Eastern Fre nch Province, Lorraine. His father, Moise was the Chief Rabbi of Epinal, Vosges, and Haute-Marne, while his mother, Melanie, worked as an embroiderer. Durkheim was the youngest of their four surviving children. Durkheim’s great-grandfather, grandfather, and father were all Jewish rabbis. He was expected to follow suit so at a young age he was sent to a rabbinical school. He studied Hebrew, the Talmud, the Old Testament, as well as the curriculum taught in secularRead MoreDurkheim and the Relevance of His Theories in Modern Society1240 Words   |  5 Pagesfacts as things† is an expression that epitomises the works of Emile Durkheim. This essay focuses on four main sociological concepts proposed by the functionalist Emile Durkheim; the division of labour; mechanical and organic solidarity; anomie and suicide, and examines their relevance in contemporary society. Along with Marx and Weber, Durkheim is considered one of the founding members of modern sociology. He is also credited with making sociology a science through his application of scientific and

Max Free Essays

The film, Max, was directed by Menno Meyjes and those who stared included John Cusack (Max Rothman) and Noah Taylor (Adolf Hitler) among others. The major theme in the movie is the aftermath of the First World War where by, after the collapse of the Kaiser Imperial Reich, the Germans entered in to the newly created Weimer Republic and were faced with the problems of unemployment, poverty and great difference between the haves and have-nots. The essence of the essay is to discuss the major theme, how it’s presented in the film and the reasons for the historical/ cultures values presented in them film. We will write a custom essay sample on Max or any similar topic only for you Order Now After the First World War, though the Germans are defeated they remained defiant after the war and are being humiliated by the unjust treaties. . The writer/ director expose the anger and a rabid young man whose prejudice and passion led to death of millions of Jews. Max, a Jewish that was initially a painter and lost his arm in the war then became an art dealer in Munich streets where eventually he meets Hitler, a war veteran, who is penniless and further confused between joining the politics and or the artistic desires, they become close friends since their future had been shattered by the war. Max tries to guide Hitler in to successful artistic business, on the other hand, Hitler has another Mentor, Captain Myer, who acknowledges that Hitler has another potential in the politics. There is a struggle between the two mentors and eventually Myer wins and directs Hitler in to politics. The discussions between Max and Hitler clearly show how connected were the politics and art in Germany at that particular time, they further display how the art could the future Germany for better. One of the historical event presented in the movies though the major theme is the trearty of Versailles. After the war, the treaty of Versailles is a major concern to many Germans; Myer therefore formed a class which he used to teach propaganda against the Jews. Max tries to divert Hitler’s anger in to art but he does have the idea of how deep is Hitler’s anger, Max further tells Hitler that if could â€Å"pent up the stuff† within him on the canvas, them many possibilities would unfold Innocent Max at one point of moment tells his children about the Jewish world turning upside down in a couple of decades and after an Anti Semitic presentation which angers Hitler and eventually scribbles on his hand that â€Å"politics + arts = power†, where by the people will be the canvas and the politics will be his art.   All these are used to support the major them of the film. This film teaches the evolution of a culture that resulted to horrors of the Nazi leading to the cold war. There are some flaws in the film where by it concentrates too much on Max’s life’ despite good performances by actors like Cusack. Though good, the cinematography and direction does not also display Germany as it would have been   after the First world war but Germany is displayed like it is in the 20th century therefore the discussions between Max and Hitler aren’t in a historical context. Irrespective of the strong connection between politic and art, the idea of Hitler beginning from the road as an art dealer to the man we acknowledge as Hitler is a bit naà ¯ve and too simple and further tries to humanize Hitler despite never excusing his actions occasionally. Hitler though maintained a moustache after the war is presented being clean shaved in the film. Max is a fiction story of one early man who was very evil and the circumstances that led to his evil behavior; it further explains why the German nationalism after the WW1 resulted to genocide and violence. REFRENCE Max (2002/I), retrieved on 20th, October, 2007, available at www.imdb.com/title/tt0290210/ How to cite Max, Essay examples

Fawns Leep Essay Example For Students

Fawns Leep Essay In the year 2,300, the U.S. went to war with Australia. Adam and Tyrone, both soldiers from the U.S., were in an airplane bombing the Australians when a surprise attack from the Aussies caused their plane to catch fire. Both boys were equipped with parachutes and ready to jump to their safety on the groundJust jump Adam! Tyrone screamed over Adams trembling shoulders. Tyrone was scared another bomb would hit their already flaming plane. I cant do it, Im too scared! Adam whined. We gotta jump, or else well die, the plane is on fire and our opponents are going to bomb us again! Tyrone explained. He needed to at least get himself out of the plane. If you dont want to jump, I will, Tyrone screamed, he was just about to push Adam out of the way when the planes tail caught on fire and the plane involuntarily swerved to the right, pushing both soldiers out the hatch. NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOAdam opened his groggy eyes to find himself lying lifeless on a giant circular fabric, it took him a while to realize that he was lying on his parachute. He lifted his hand to his head, felt the congealed blood and grimaced. His eyes were closing and he suddenly felt like he was spinning. Adam sat erect for a moment, then collapsed again. Im hungry, was Adams first thought. He opened his eyes, surprisingly easier than he had before. His eyes were a bit blurry but focused quickly. His only vision was sand. He spun around, searching for anything colored, anything but the Fawns Leap sand. He found a green bush and smiled. Adam couldnt believe where he was, he knew he was lost in a desert. He had read about what happened to people lost in deserts: they died. Maybe this is a dream or a mirage, he thought. He pinched his arm. Nothing. He rubbed his eyes. Nothing. Finally, he reached out and picked up a handful of that torturous sand. The grains were so tiny, they felt like liquid and the sand ran easily through his fingers. After Adam accepted that he was in fact in a desert, he began to think back to how he got there. I was in the plane, and I didnt want to jump out, Adam thought, trying to remember his experience. I was with-TYRONE, he thought with a gasp. He chuckled, as he thought about his best friend. He had to find Tyrone. But how am I EVER going to find something as small as Tyrone in something as giant as this desert.Adam was scared, alone, and he wanted his best friend. Ill find him, he thought, even if it takes forever. Finding Tyrone, however, didnt take forever, only a few minutes. Adam staggered up a sandy hill and stood on top of it. He turned around and saw Tyrone on the ground lying on his stomach. He must not be conscious yet, Adam said, biting his lip worriedly. But even so, Adam rushed to his friend and turned him over on his back to try and shake him awake. Tyrones white face wrote the script to Adams worst nightmare. Frantically, Adam shook Tyrone, screamed his name, and cautiously felt his pulse. Nothing. Tears started streaming down Adams face and he wailed like a baby. Now, Adam was lost in a desert, hungry, alone, and depressed. 2 hours later, Adam tried to pry himself of his best friends limp dead body. Adam felt he couldnt go on anymore but knew that he wouldnt let his friends death create his. He got to his feet, looked up and saw nothing. .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95 , .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95 .postImageUrl , .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95 , .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95:hover , .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95:visited , .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95:active { border:0!important; } .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95:active , .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95 .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udad729b1dab4a6686e385598bff34e95:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Child development EssaySomeones trying to teach me a lesson about nothing, he thought. Adam looked up again and thought about how he would live all alone in the desert. The first thing he thought about was food. He needed food. Looking around, Adams sharp eyes caught a worm slithering on the ground. He thought back to the old Disney movie The Hatchet. Nobody loves me so Im gonna go eat some worms, he remembered the tune from the movie and thought of how happy the boy was when he ate the worms he found in the forest. Adam picked up the wiggling worm,

Secondary Data free essay sample

Q) What are Secondary Data? Secondary Data Secondary data is information gathered for purposes other than the completion of a research project. Data previously collected by someone else, possibly for some other purpose that can be used later for making decisions if found suitable for the purpose, other than the original one. Secondary data can be acquired from the internal records of the organization, their departments, subsidiaries or sister organizations and also from external sources, such as chambers of commerce, government, professional and commercial consultants subject to the availability of data . e. g. , data in books, journals, newspapers, magazines, etc. †¢ e. g. , data in reports, surveys, etc A variety of secondary information sources is available to the researcher gathering data on an industry, potential product applications and the market place. Secondary data is also used to gain initial insight into the research problem. Secondary data is classified in terms of its source – either internal or external. We will write a custom essay sample on Secondary Data or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Internal, or in-house data, is secondary information acquired within the organization where research is being carried out. External secondary data is obtained from outside sources. The secondary information will provide a useful background and will identify key questions and issues that will need to be addressed by the primary research. BENEFITS †¢ Low cost †¢ Less effort †¢ Less time †¢ At times, more accurate †¢ At times, only way to obtain data LIMITATION †¢ Collected for some other purpose †¢ No control over data collection †¢ May not be accurate †¢ May not be in correct form †¢ May be outdated †¢ May not meet data requirements †¢ Assumptions have to be made Q) What are the major problems encountered with Secondary Data? It is necessary that the secondary data are taken from a source which obtained from the original source, and then a secondary source is being used. It is important to avoid the use of secondary sources by using only the original sources for a Secondary Data. The other problems may include: †¢ Secondary information pertinent to the research topic is either not available, or is only available in insufficient quantities. †¢ Some secondary data may be of questionable accuracy and reliability. Even government publications and trade magazines statistics can be misleading. For example, many trade magazines survey their members to derive estimates of market size, market growth rate and purchasing patterns, then average out these results. Often these statistics are merely average opinions based on less than 10% of their members. †¢ Data may be in a different format or units than is required by the researcher. †¢ The methodology used by the party for collecting the secondary data is not explained and the accuracy level may not be verified. Much secondary data is several years old and may not reflect the current market conditions. Trade journals and other publications often accept articles six months before appear in print. The research may have been done months or even years earlier. Q) What are the major sources of Internal Data? Internal Data Internal secondary data is usually an inexpensive information source for the company conducting research, and is the place to start for existing operations. Internally generated sales and pricing data can be used as a research source. The use of this data is to define the competitive position of the firm, an evaluation of a marketing strategy the firm has used in the past, or gaining a better understanding of the company’s best customers. The main sources of internal data may include: 1. Sales and marketing reports. These can include such things as: †¢ Type of product/service purchased †¢ Type of end-user/industry segment †¢ Method of payment †¢ Product or product line †¢ Sales territory †¢ Salesperson †¢ Date of purchase †¢ Amount of purchase †¢ Price †¢ Application by product †¢ Location of end-user 2. Accounting and financial records. These are often an overlooked source of internal secondary information and can be invaluable in the identification, clarification and prediction of certain problems. Accounting records can be used to evaluate the success of various marketing strategies such as revenues from a direct marketing campaign. There are several problems in using accounting and financial data. One is the timeliness factor – it is often several months before accounting statements are available. Another is the structure of the records themselves. Most firms do not adequately setup their accounts to provide the types of answers to research questions that they need. For example, the account systems should capture project/product costs in order to identify the company’s most profitable (and least profitable) activities. Companies should also consider establishing performance indicators based on financial data. These can be industry standards or unique ones designed to measure key performance factors that will enable the firm to monitor its performance over a period of time and compare it to its competitors. Some example may be sales per employee, sales per square foot, expenses per employee (salesperson, etc. ). 3. Miscellaneous reports. These can include such things as inventory reports, service calls, number (qualifications and compensation) of staff, production and RD reports. Also the company’s business plan and customer calls (complaints) log can be useful sources of information. COMMON SOURCES OF INTERNAL SECONDARY DATA Information originating within the company 1. Sales invoices a. Customer name b. Address c. Class of product/service sold d. Price by unit e. Salesperson f. Term of sales g. Shipment point 2. Accounts receivable reports a. Customer name b. Product purchased c. Total unit and dollar sales d. Customer as percentage of sales . Customer as percentage of regional sales f. Profit margin g. Credit rating h. Items returned i. Reason for return 3. Quarterly sales report a. Total dollar and unit sales by: Customer Geographic segment Customer segment Sales territory Product Sales report Product segment b. Total sales against planned objective c. Total sales against budget d. Total sales against prio r periods e. Actual sales percentage increase/decrease f. Contribution trends 4. Sales activity reports a. Classification of customer account i. e. Mega, Large, Medium and Small b. Available dollar sales potential c. Current sales penetration d. Existing bids/contracts by customer location product Q) What is a computerized Data Base? COMPUTERIZED DATA BASE A database is simply a collection of related information. More specifically a computerized database is a computerized record keeping system. More completely, it is a system involving data, the hardware that physically stores that data, the software that utilizes the hardwares file system in order to 1) store the data and 2) provide a standardized method for retrieving or changing the data, and finally, the users who turn the data into information. For many companies, a computerized database containing information about customers and prospects has become an essential marketing tool. Creating an internal marketing secondary database built upon sales results and customer preferences can be a powerful marketing tool. Databases dealing with published information usually found in libraries, such as books, articles and other types of documents, are commonly called bibliographic databases. Computerized databases published secondary data, the Internet, and internal databases are important parts of an organization’s information system. Intelligent decision making is always predicated on having good information. †¢ When a person uses an automated teller machine to withdraw money from the bank account, he/she is using a computerized database. †¢ When a travel agent makes an airline reservation for the customers, he/she is using a computerized database. †¢ When a telephone operator gives the customer a phone number, he/she is using a computerized database. Any significant collections of information stored on computers are virtually always organized as databases and are known as computerized data base. Computerized Database On-line vendors purchase (rent) databases from a number of suppliers and sell to the subscribers (e. g. services provided by America Online, DIALOG). ON-LINE DATABASES Provide http: easy and direct access to public information through a computer. There are about 7,000 databases on a variety of topics that one can use. Q) Describe a specialized online data base of marketing manager? An online database which can be used by a marketing manager for Substantial Cost Savings, for Increasing the understanding of the Decision Environment, Upgrading the Decision-Making Effectiveness, Improving the Information Value. This may include: †¢ Internet – World-wide telecommunications network that allows computers to access data, files, pictures and sound throughout the world. †¢ World Wide Web – Component of the Internet designed to make transmission of text and images very easy. †¢ Uniform Reference Locator (URL) – Internet address that identifies a specific location. – A typical Web address looks like the following: http://www. microsoft. com †¢ Search Engines – Internet search directories to aid in locating topics of interest and URLs. – An example is Yahoo at http://www. yahoo. com On-line Databases Consist of: Internet, Direct from Vendors, Direct from Producer, Indirect through Networks Organizations Must Create a Database Management System. Managers must be trained on How to Retrieve Information and How to Manipulate the Data Using Database Management Software. A marketing manager can use a specialized data base to fulfill his/her tasks effectively and efficiently through: †¢ Internet †¢ Website †¢ Emails †¢ Online Subscriptions †¢ Online queries †¢ Online Feed back †¢ Newsgroups on the Internet †¢ Internet sites devoted to a specific topic where people can read and post messages. †¢ Databases on CD ROM A number of companies offer database packages on CD ROM for personal computers that is very useful for manager in decision making and other tasks. †¢ Geographic Information Systems †¢ Computer-based system that uses secondary and/or primary data to generate maps that visually display answers to research questions. †¢ Decision Sup port System – Through Online Data Base an interactive, personalized MIS, designed to be initiated and controlled by individual decision makers. – Managers use decision support systems to conduct sales analyses, forecast sales, evaluate advertising, analyze product lines, and keep tabs n market trends and competitor analysis. Creating Databases from a Web Site -A Marketing Manager’s Dream – Customer’s link to an online store is a two-way electronic link – Allows online merchant to gather information about the customer – Text file place on a user’s computer in order to identify the user when there is a return visit to the Web site. – Helping Managers in creation of a large computerized file of customers’ and potential customers’ profiles and purchase patterns. – It is the fastest-growing use of internal database technology. A manager has to build company’s online Pages on Search Engines. Working online to find out target audiences and provide them information through Internet services performing internet marketing services that are mention above. The services are designed to help the company’s website increase its. Through this Online Database a marketing Manager is able to get, Demographic Dimensions Population growth: actual and projected Population density In-migration and out-migration patterns Population trends by age, race, and ethnic background Employment Characteristics Labor force growth Unemployment levels Percentage of employment by occupation categories Employment by industry Economic Characteristics Personal income levels (per capita and median) Type of manufacturing/service firms Total housing starts Building permits issued Sales tax rates Competitive Characteristics Levels of retail and wholesale sales Number and types of competing retailers Availability of financial institutions International Market Characteristics Transportation and exporting requirements Trade barriers Business philosophies Legal system Social customs Political climate Cultural patterns Religious and moral backgrounds Common Government Documents Used as Secondary Data Sources Statistics of Income Survey of Current Business Through a specialized Online Data Base a marketing manager able to get up-to-date information. A marketing Manager able to, †¢ Evaluate sales territory. †¢ PLC †¢ Identify most profitable and least profitable customers. †¢ Identify most profitable market segments and target efforts with greater efficiency and effectiveness. †¢ Aim marketing efforts to those products, services, and segments that require the most support. †¢ Increase revenue through repackaging and re-pricing products for various market segments. Evaluate opportunities for offering new products or services. †¢ Identify products or services that are best-sellers or most profitable. †¢ Evaluate existing marketing programs. †¢ Database Technologies †¢ Database technologies continue to evolve. For example, Fingerhut, a database firm, uses a Sun Microsystems parallel co mputer, whereas American Express relies on Thinking Machines Corporation’s supercomputers. †¢ Renting Internal Databases †¢ Some companies rent their internal databases to obtain extra income, although this can lead to ethical questions. [pic]

Respiration inverstigaton essays

Respiration inverstigaton essays The aim of this experiment is to measure three aspects of human breathing. Tidal volume; volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs during one cycle of breathing. Breathing rate the rate at which breathing takes place. Vital capacity the measure of the volume of the subjects lungs The respond of the tidal volume and breathing rate to oxygen demand will also be measured. The lungs are the site where gaseous exchange occurs. Breathing is the way in which air enters and leaves the lungs, passing through the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. Breathing consists of two parts, taking air into the chest (inhalation) and breathing air back out again (exhalation). Pressure changes are involved in breathing; these changes bring about the movement of air in and out of the lungs. The ribs support the body wall of the thorax, which has a dome shape base formed by the diaphragm. When inhaling air the intercostals muscles contract raising the ribs upwards and outwards. The diaphragm contracts and is lowered and flattened. This then results in the volume of the thorax increasing, which means the pressure in the thorax decreases. As the pressure is lower in the chest cavity than the atmospheric pressure of the air outside the lungs, the air is drawn in the chest cavity via the upper respiratory passage. When exhaling, muscles of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax. The ribs move inwards and down, resulting in a decrease in the volume of the thorax. This causes an increase in pressure. The pressure is now higher i n the lungs the atmospheric pressure, air moves out of the lung through the same upper passage as in inhaling. The body needs oxygen to be constantly delivered and carbon dioxide removed so, breathing occurs throughout our lives. The pattern of breathing varies under conditions of exercise, stress, fitness, etc. ...

Business of Petroleum Companies for Woodside help

The following study analyzes three different global petroleum companies namely Woodside, Chevron and Petro China. The analysis has been done on the basis of the business operations of these companies. The following companies have been strategically selected to make sure that they come from different regions of the world. The selected companies are there from different parts of the world namely USA, China and Australia. The selection of the companies from the different regions of the world has been done to identify the different strategies of the organizations in different areas. The following study will clearly sort out the different ideas regarding the business operations, strategies and the financial considerations of these corporations. Chevron Corporation is an American multinational energy corporation that has its headquarters in California and has its operations spread in 180 different countries in the world. The company has annual revenue of around $140 billion (chevron.com 2018). Apart from producing and exporting petroleum the company has also alternative energy manufacturing facilities where they produce solar power, wind power, geothermal energy, bio-fuel and many other such similar products. The company owns a number of different assets that makes them one of the topmost companies in the oil sector. The company owns a number of subsidiaries and has also stakes and shares in many of the different oil companies of the world. Apart from this it owns a large number of oil fields and has a number of strategic oil reserves. Chevron’s operations is spread over 180 different countries in the world and thus it can be truly said to be a global company. The annual revenue of the company is slated to around $141.722 billion. The company has a net oil production of 2.6 million barrels per day and a reserve capacity of around 11.1 million barrels of proven reserves. The total sales revenue of the company stands at a huge amount of $110.2 billion with its assets amounting to $260.1 billion.   A table showing the financial summary of the company is provided below;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2017   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   US$ 141.722 billion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   US$ 2.480 billion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   US$ 9.195 billion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   US$ 265 billion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   US$ 148.124 billion The management of Chevron Corporation has been dedicated to continue generate different industry leading operational and financial results and advancement of important projects to drive the future growth of the organization as well as the countries where it operates. The rise in the energy demands of the world has driven the strategies of the mentioned oil company of America. The compelling growth profile of the organization, combined with the fall in the spending levels of the capital is believed to be the extreme catalyst for the creation of strong and compact strategic values for the companies ahead (Forsgren 2017). The upstream portfolio of the mentioned organization leads the following industry in quality and breadth. The management of the company has formulated the particular strategy to plan a disciplined investment approach and have been constantly involved in management of the portfolio to increase the value of the shareholders of the company. Thus the company strategies hav e been formulated in the perfect way to achieve the best results in the industry. The mentioned company has also formulated a downstream policy where the production is dedicated for residential purpose, supplying to the companies, petrochemicals supply and also supply to small or large business concerns. Both the upstream as well as downstream policy are important for the effective strategy of the business.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The company ranks 63 rd in annual brand finance report and is the 5 th largest oil company of the world  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A number of legal issues are being faced by the company in different countries  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Integration of producing, refining and then selling products  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Poor financial projections for the coming years.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Massive geographic presence across 180 countries of the world  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The rise in debts has been another major disadvantage for the company. The debt of the company has reached around $ 40 billion from $ 28 billion in a span of just one year.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   11.2 million barrels of oil reserves which is one of the largest. It has 48485 productive wells  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The implementation of new technologies by other companies have been a disadvantage for Chevron The management of Chevron Corporation has been a driving force for the oil economy of USA. The presence of the company in almost every part of the world is an added advantage for them as they export their products in these countries and earn a huge amount of revenue which in turn is utilized for their productive growth. The management however needs to overcome some of the main disadvantages to attain the topmost position in the oil sector. The mentioned company is Australia’s largest oil and gas company. It is not only the only dedicated oil and gas producing company in the island continent but also its largest operator.   The company is listed in the Australian Securities Exchange and has its headquarters in Perth, Western Australia (woodside.com 2018). The main assets of the company include the number of facilities in Australia as well as in other parts of the world. This includes Development projects in USA, Canada, Myanmar and many more such areas. Other assets include exploration facilities in Peru, Morocco, Senegal, Canada and many more as such. The Australian oil company produced huge amount of oil in the year 2016 and created a new record surpassing the earlier one by producing a huge amount of LNG and also by achieving healthy amount of sales of the following product. According to the financial reports of the company the annual revenue of the company in the year 2017 stood at $4075 million and net income figured out at more than $850 million (Dissanayake, Nayana, Bo and Peng 2015). The shareholders of the organization earned an amount of more than 100 cents from each of the share of the company. The main strategies of the company include the increase in the production level and also to speed up the different developmental projects of the world. Among the most important strategy which is believed to be the topmost priority of the organization is the operational clearance for the Wheatstone LNG facility and also to concentrate on the key focus areas to be the best company of the world (Jin et al. 2016). Its exports or the upstream strategy is mainly to a number of Asian and African countries along with supplies to New Zealand. The company is the largest supplier of domestic fuel in the island continent and has largescale operations that have its wings spread across the length and breadth of the mentioned country.     ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Leading market position in Australia helps to secure a sustainable and competitive position  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Legal problem regarding land acquisition  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Largest producer of LNG in Australia  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Increase in the production from shale plays is a disadvantage for the organization  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   High quality strategic assets in different areas of the world  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Huge operating risks associated with exploration and production of oil and gas in Australia The management of Woodside Corporation has plans to implement the best strategies to keep up with the upward growth and demand of oil and other petroleum products like Shale and Natural Gas. The optimization of the existing assets of the company along with the proper commercialization of the products is important for the growth of the business. Petro China Limited is one of the largest oil companies of the world and the largest among the various oil producing companies in China (petrochina.com 2018). The company is listed in Hong Kong stock exchange, Shanghai stock Exchange as well as New York stock exchange. The company has its headquarters in Beijing China and produces a number of different oil and petroleum products apart from producing oil. The other products include Lubricants, Natural Gas, Shale, LNG and many other such different items (Caineng et al. 2016). The assets of the company include the large number of oil mines and factories another development centers in China and Asia as well as in different areas of the world (petrochina.com 2018).  Ã‚   The financial summary of the mentioned company is quite impressive in nature which can be seen in the table below;  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.616 trillion Chinese Yuan  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   60.6 billion Chinese Yuan  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.396 trillion Chinese Yuan  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.372 trillion Chinese Yuan The mentioned Chinese company has based its strategy on the maximization, diversification and proper replacement of different hydrocarbon resources that adheres to the principles of attachment of equal importance to oil and gas that helps to increase the exploration of the domestic resources as well as the increase in the investment to acquire facilities outside China (Subhankulova et al. 2015). The management of the company also has a proper internationalization plan in the offing which will surely make them one of the best in the business (Jin et al. 2016). The company supplies refined oil and fuels to facilitate transportation in China. It is believed to be the driving force of the nation. The company has extensive operations involving exploration, mining, digging for oil in various countries of the world.   The company exports oil as well as is the largest supplier of different kinds of fuels for use in the households as well as for commercial purpose. The aim of the company is to manufacture the secondary fuels from oil and then market it for use in the future (Forsgren 2017).  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Controlled by the China National Petroleum Company  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cost of different hazards to the environment and cost of taking precautionary risk is a huge challenge for the Management of the organization  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Huge scope of Operations as it is the biggest producer in China  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Decline in the operations of China  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Presence of Huge number of employees which is over 500,000 is a big form of advantage for the organization  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The biggest disadvantage lies in the controversy surrounding the Western gas to East Pipeline project controversy The following report has clearly highlighted the stature of Petro China in Asia as well as the world. It has aims to increase its production and act as a driving force to the economy of China. However the recent incidents related to oil spill and other major accidents has led the company to huge losses. The management must take the appropriate actions to take care of the following and lead towards prosperity. The three companies as mentioned in this report have their own base of operations and a different form of project execution. Among the mentioned three Chevron Corporation and Petro China are the largest in stature and they have the resources to be the world’s best in terms of global oil production. However it can be seen some common problems involving scandals, accidents and debts has crippled the management of the industries and have acted as a barrier to their smooth growth. However the exploration, extraction and production of substitute oil products like shale gas, LN G have paved the way for the changing paradigm of the companies towards a more bright and innovative future "Woodside Energy | Home."  Woodside.com.au. N.p., 2018. Web. 10 Apr. 2018. Caineng, Zou, Yang Zhi, Pan Songqi, Chen Yanyan, Lin Senhu, Huang Jinliang, Wu Songtao et al. "Shale gas formation and occurrence in China: an overview of the current status and future potential."  Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition)  90, no. 4 (2016): 1249-1283. Chevron Policy, Government and Public Affairs. "Chevron Corporation - Human Energy."  chevron.com. N.p., 2018. Web. 10 Apr. 2018. Dissanayake, Nayana, Bo Xia, and Peng Wu. "Measuring sustainability performance within the Australian energy industry." In  Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate, pp. 135-143. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2015. Forsgren, Mats.  Theories of the multinational firm: A multidimensional creature in the global economy. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017. Jin, Liu, Du Jianping, Peng Yunhui, Zhou Zhi, and Petrochina Zhejiang Oilfield. "Shale Gas Drilling and Completion Technologies in Jingmen Area of Dangyang Synclinorium."  Unconventional Oil & Gas  2 (2016): 013. Lima-de-Oliveira, Renato, and Timothy Sturgeon. "From Resource Extraction to Knowledge Creation: Oil-Rich States, Oil Companies and the Promotion of Local R&D." Petrochina"  Petrochina.com.cn. N.p., 2018. Web. 10 Apr. 2018. Rincà ³n, Luis E., Monica J. Valencia, Valentina Hernà ¡ndez, Luis G. Matallana, and Carlos A. Cardona. "Optimization of the Colombian biodiesel supply chain from oil palm crop based on techno-economical and environmental criteria."  Energy Economics  47 (2015): 154-167. Subhankulova, Rimma, Kirill Furmanov, and Natal'ya Ivanova. "Assessing Comparative Advantages in Operating and Capital Expenditures of Oil Producing Companies." (2015): 271-289.

Interpersonal Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Interpersonal Communication - Essay Example The loathing effect is expressed even by her staffs who call her a witch when she is not around. She is a person who would give all for career and has no time for friendship or relationships. Outside the office, Margaret Tate is a woman who lives in her life. She is lonely as she has no time and traits for friendship. Her executive assistant, Andrew Paxton, is an ambitious individual who has a dream of becoming an outstanding editor. His stay as Margarets executive assistant is not easy since he loathes her as any other staff in the office. Besides, he has served Margaret Tate for three- years with the primary intention being to see his dream come true. One day Margaret learns that she cannot serve her capacity as the senior editor anymore; not because of her incompetence but out of her work visa expiration. The company board chair feels that she cannot continue with her job since she is to be deported to Canada. As she still tries to take in the news, Andrew appearance saves her day . In her smartness, she thinks quickly and tells Bergen, the board chair, that she is engaged to Andrew, and they are getting married soon. She later convinces Andrew that she will promote him to the editors post if he agrees to the proposal. In addition, she guarantees Andrew that his manuscript that he gave her to read will be published if the deal goes through. Andrew being a man of big dreams sees the deal as an opportunity to his success and agrees to it. After all, Margaret had convinced him that letting her lose the job would mean he also was going to be jobless. Mr. Gilbertson, an United States of American immigration agent, suspects that the two are up to committing fraud. He calls them for questioning and gives them time after which they will be asked questions differently, of which, failure to match will lead to heavy punishments. The couple traveled to Alaska to meet Andrews parents, a

How To Recruit And Train New Employees Research Paper

How To Recruit And Train New Employees - Research Paper Example Certain methods of recruiting new employees are likely to be preferred HR managers as they have been extensively tested and their effectiveness has been verified in practice. Challenges that employers have to face when having to recruit new employees A series of issues need to be taken into consideration by employers when they have to recruit new employees. Training of new employees Why training is necessary in modern organizations The necessity of training within modern organizations can be justified by referring especially to the following fact: new employees cannot respond to their duties unless they are given clear explanations on the vision and values of the organization but also on the demands of their position. Training methods used in firms worldwide in regard to new employees HR managers are able to choose among a series of training methods appropriate for new employees; the training methods chosen for new employees depend on the organizational environment, the demands of each role but also on the capabilities of the participants/ new employees. Challenges related to the training of new employees Training is not equally effective among new employees, even when referring to new employees hired in the same department. A series of factors can influence the performance of new employees in regard to a particular training method. Conclusions and Recommendations The recruitment and training of new employees are affected by various conditions in the internal and external organizational environment. HR managers have the responsibility to ensure that the recruitment and training of new employees are carefully planned so that risks are minimized and the needs of the organization involved are covered. 1. Introduction The achievement of organizational goals is highly depended on the ability of leaders to support employees within all organizational departments. However, during the development of organizational activities the need for increasing the staff of the organization is expected to appear. In this context, recruiting new employees becomes unavoidable for HR managers in all organizations. Today, the recruitment of new employees is considered as a key organizational sector, helping to address emergent organizational needs or to develop complex organizational tasks. In order for new employees to respond to the needs of their role they have to be adequately supported; appropriately customized training programs are available to new employees in organizations worldwide. The methods used by HR managers in regard to the recruitment and training of new employees are analysed in this paper. Reference is also made to the challenges that HR managers are likely to face when developing such projects. The value of these initiatives is also explaining aiming to justify the reasons for which these projects are highly promoted within organizations in all industries. The review of the literature published in the specific field reveals that leaders in modern organization are aware of the value of new employees for securing orga nizational performance; however, often, the methods chosen for incorporating new employees within the organization are not appropriate, either because of the strong resistance within the

Applying Resource Based View to Strategic Human Resource Essay Example for Free

Applying Resource Based View to Strategic Human Resource Essay What is Resource Based View in Strategic Management? Almost all business management courses have a module that includes study of  strategic management. Our homework helps experts have expertise in the field of strategic management. There are different perspectives and approaches to field of strategic management. This blog post would discuss in detail what resource based view of strategic management is. This perspective stresses and based on the perspective that resources of the company whether tangible or intangible like brand name, assets, cash, customer loyalty, research and development capabilities are an important and main aspect while forming or pursuing a unique strategic position for a company. This concept of strategic management rather than being driven by the environment is internally resource driven and in this perspective of strategic management the organization is viewed as a collection of capabilities and competences. Organizations leverage new actives from its existing core competencies. According to Barney (1991) analysis of the impact of a firm’s environment on its competitive position is based on two assumptions. First, firms within an industry or a strategic group are identical in terms of strategic relevant sources they control and the strategies they pursue and second, these models assume that should resources heterogeneity develop in an industry or group will be very short lived because the resources that firms use to implement their strategies are highly mobile i. e. they can be bought or sold in factor markets (Barney, 1991). Resource based view assumes that companies within an industry or group may be heterogeneous with respect to the strategic resources they control and these are not perfectly mobile, thus heterogeneity can be long lasting (Barney, 1991). Simply, it is suggested that firm resources may be heterogeneous and immobile. According to Daft (1983), firm resources include all assets, capabilities, organisational processes, firm attributes, information, knowledge, etc. controlled by a firm that enable the firm to conceive of and implement strategies that improve its efficiency and effectiveness. According to Barney (1991), firm resources that hold the potential for sustained competitive advantage must have four attributes which are valuable, rare, In-imitable, and non-substitutable. So in resource based view of the firm, strategy of the firm is basically dependent on firms’ resources. This view again as the market based view is focus on some important aspects but at the same time ignores some other basic aspects of strategy formulation for a company. So resource based view of the firm is also not a balanced view. We hope that this blog post is useful for the students and practitioners of the field ofstrategic management. Please email us [emailprotected] com  if you need any  strategic management  helpregarding the module of strategic management. The Resource Based View (RBV), argued by some to be at the foundation of modern HRM,[13]  focusses on the internal resources of the organisation and how they contribute to competitive advantage. The uniqueness of these resources is preferred to homogeneity and HRM has a central role in developing human resources that are valuable, rare, difficult to copy or substitute and that are effectively organized. Overall, the theory of HRM argues that the goal of human resource management is to help an organization to meet strategic goals by attracting, and maintaining employees and also to manage them effectively. The key word here perhaps is fit, i. e. a HRM approach seeks to ensure a fit between the management of an organizations employees, and the overall strategic direction of the company (Miller, 1989). The resource-based view to strategic human resource management (SHRM) focuses on the costly to copy attributes of the firm as the fundamental drivers of performance and competitive advantage (Cooner 1991). Linking to the understanding of the resource based view of the firm; Barney (1991) described competitive advantage as â€Å"when a firm is implementing a value creating strategy not simultaneously being implemented by any current or potential competitors†. The task is to maintain this competitive advantage in such a way that competitors’ efforts to replicate that advantage are frustrated and eventually cease. The resource-based view focuses on the promotion of sustained competitive advantage through the development of the human capital rather than merely aligning human resources to current strategic goals (Torrington et al 2002). This essay will show various ways on how the resource-based view of SHRM in organisations can contribute to enhanced organisational performance. Human resources can provide competitive advantage for the business, as long as they are unique and can not be copied or substituted for by competing organisations, competitive success not coming from simply making choices in the present, but from building up distinctive capabilities over significant periods of time (Boxall 1996).

Alexander The Great Essay -- essays research papers

Alexander The Great was one of the greatest emperors and leaders of the world. In fact, he was the only emperor to be called, "The Great." He had studied under a great Greek Philosopher, Aristotle, who taught Alexander literature, science, medicine, philosophy and to speak and write well. Alexander was the son of Philip of Macedonia. Philip became king of Macedonia in 359 B.C., but died in 336 B.C. He left his kingdom to Alexander. Alexander ruled for only thirteen years but he succeeded far beyond what his father had planned. After his father's death in 336 B.C., Alexander became king of Macedonia. He strengthened his claim of king by quickly stopping revolts by Athens, which tried to break away from Macedonia, by destroying the city of Thebes, and by defeating neighboring lan...

Discuss The Role of Curley’s Wife In The Novel Of Mice And Men Essay

In this novel, Curley’s Wife’s main function or purpose is her representation of one type of female in that time of American history. She seems to be the sort of person who is well calculated in her actions. She likes to make herself attractive by using make-up, when she wears shoes with red â€Å"Ostrich Feathers† she doesn’t need to wear them on a dust ranch, but she does. She dreams of being a movie or â€Å"Talkie† star, she tells Lennie this, in a rare show of confidence. She is not a stereotype but I think that her character is quite predictable. In the video adaptation she seems to be friendly because of her appearance and the way in which she says words. When she doesn’t want to be noticed, her physical presence is less noticed. She is described as â€Å"brittle† this could mean that she is fragile. The word fragile is usually associated with small and easily broken things. The word â€Å"brittle† could also be describing her physical state of mind. She could seem strong but really could collapse or break down when even slightly touched, or in her case, if she is rejected or insulted. But when she talks she has a dominant charisma, which demands attention. For example, whenever she walks into a room, the men always stop talking to listen to what she has to say. This could be from fear of punishment if they do not agree with her or offend her. It could also be because of the reputation as â€Å"Jailbait† which she has, or how she has â€Å"the eye†. Because of these two abilities, she can sneak around, trying to overhear anything incriminating which she could use to blackmail someone. An example of this is when she sneaks into the stable when Lennie, Candy and Crooks are there, and she listens to them. Throughout the whole novel she does not have name of her own, which she is called by. She is only referred to as Curley’s Wife. This could suggest that she is the property of Curley. Or it could also back up the fact that she is like a ghost, because a ghost has no real identity. She could act mean, or deviously because she wants to make herself noticed more. She tells Lennie â€Å"I get awful lonely†. This suggests that she wants someone to talk to her, or whom she can talk to. She is only described by people, with sentences like â€Å"She got the eye† and â€Å"a Tart†. After reading the part of the novel when she is in the barn with Lennie, the reader is emoted to sympathise with Curley’s Wife. This could make the reader feel sorry for her, but then there would be a conflict of emotions when you realise that She has wrecked Candy’s dreams as well as passed a death sentence on Lennie. All of this could overshadow the fact that Curley’s Wife has just died. But when you her confession to Lennie, you find that this is her only recourse in her search for attention. She tries to make herself look attractive to get more attention, but she is called a â€Å"Tart†. The fact that she is like a bad luck omen could enforce her image as â€Å"Jail-bait†. She is like a jinx for anyone who she tries to become close to. She says that she could get crooks hung and she caused Curley and slim to fight. She also indirectly caused Lennie’s death. Not intentionally, but she does. This could be a way of making the reader sympathise with her case, because Candy is angry at her for dying, and he doesn’t stop to think that she is dead. Curley’s Wife is the only woman who is mentioned on the ranch, so the men could think of her as pretty or appealing because they do not come into contact with any other women. This could encourage or strengthen her attitude. She thought that she could be a movie star and could still think that. This could be another factor that encourages her self-superiority complex. But she knows that. Because, she has no name she could be owned by Curley, this could explain her actions. It could be her way of expressing her anger. She is angry because, when she signed her marriage certificate, She didn’t lose her individuality, but something worse, her identity.

Hamlet/Ophelia Relationship Essay

Hamlet and Ophelia have a relationship that is quite significant to Hamlet as a whole. Their relationship in the past has been filled with many sexual endeavors but once the play starts, it begins its downfall, affecting multiple characters down the line. Throughout the play, the relationship indirectly causes obsession, death, insanity, and the drive for vengeance. Ophelia’s love for Hamlet is mentioned very early in the play when she is with her brother, Laertes, and her father, Polonius. The brother warns her to be careful since Hamlet’s motive to be with her are not out of love, but is â€Å"a violet in the youth of primy nature, forward, not permanent, sweet, not lasting, the perfume and suppliance of a minute,† meaning that the relationship is merely a stage of youthful lust and will not last forever (1.2 8-10). Unlike Laertes, Polonius demands that she must stop dating Hamlet at once. He cares about his own reputation more than the emotions of his daughter, and he also wants to have the most power over her. If she and Hamlet were to wed, he would lose the power he has over her, which is unacceptable in his eyes. After Ophelia obeys her father, Hamlet appears at her room in a complete mess. The state that he is in frightens her, and mentions what happens to her father. Polonius assumes that Ophelia’s rejection has driven Hamlet insane. This is the beginning of Polonius obsession to discover if Hamlet is really insane due to his daughters rejection, or if it due to a different cause. The obsession that Polonius continues to have for the discover of the source of Hamlet’s insanity drives him to his death, which further induces Ophelia’s drowning. Being extremely nosy, he once again hides to eavesdrop on Hamlet’s conversation, this time with Hamlet’s mother in the queen’s chamber. After Gertrude feels threatened by Hamlet’s aggression and screams, Polonius makes a sound behind the curtain, in turn shocking Hamlet. Then Hamlet yells, â€Å"How now, a rat? Dead for ducat, dead† and stabs Polonius through the curtains, killing him (3.4 29). Polonius just had to force Ophelia to reject Hamlet. His obsession with their relationship causes his own death. His death is well deserved. Unfortunately, his death drives Ophelia insane. She loses the love of her life, her brother is far away in Paris so she has no one to go to anymore, and now her father perishes. Being driven over the edge, she does not notice that falls into a large pool of water, and before long, â€Å"her garments, heavy with their drink, pulled the poor wretch from her melodious lay to muddy death† (4.7 206-208). The significance of Ophelia and Hamlet’s relationship is all tied together by Laertes’s mark for vengeance. Act V i. is the first scene since Polonius’s death that the two characters are in each other’s presence. Overcome with grief, Hamlet cries, † I loved Ophelia: forty thousand brothers could not, with all their quantity of love make up my sum† (5.1.270-72). When he sees Laertes in the grave, he becomes jealous and angry, so they wrestle. Laertes was not prepared to kill Hamlet there and then, but it is hinted that he will do so in the next scene. Hamlet’s relationship may indirectly lead up to his death. Hamlet’s and Ophelia’s feelings for each other stay strong throughout the whole play, even though they may be clouded. Their love is still strong when Ophelia rejects him and when he basically calls her a whore, they just couldn’t show it. The play was strongly influenced by their relationship since it affected so many characters. It may even end the life of dear Hamlet.

Economics Supply And Demand Essays - Consumer Theory, Babysitter

Economics Supply And Demand Essays - Consumer Theory, Babysitter Economics Supply And Demand Economics, supply and demand In the article we find that teenagers have the oppertunity to be demanding about their salary in the baby sitting field, because the amount of babysitters today are scarce. The babysitting population, teenagers, find themselves busy with school, part time jobs, and extracirricular activity. Teenagers with drivers licenses are even more scarce than those with out, all in all, It's hard to find a babysitter. Times have changed, just twenty years ago there were 33 million children who needed to be watched, and 39 million babysitters(age 10 - 19), recent polls suggest that children that need to be watched raised 18 percent to 39 million while baby sitters dropped 5 percent to 37 million. The rise in children coupled with American families spending more time out then years ago, has allowed the babysitters to set their price with out haggeling. Baby sitters are making well over the federal minimum wage of $5.15 an hour because they are in demand, and scarce; the babysitters who train in CPR, serve dinner, and drive are the hardest to come by and can demand the highest wages. In this article we see many examples of supply and damand and the powers of supply and demand. Babysitters are in demand, there is an increase in the amount of children who need to be watched yet there are relativly few who choose to babysit from the allready decreased amount of the babysitter work force. This gives the babysitter the advantage of a noncompetitive work force, allowing the baby sitter to set the price with out bargaining. If we were to compare two different production possibility frontiers, we would see a left shift of the curve while demand for baby sitters rises, from 1980 to 1996. In economics we concider this an inflation, the amount of

Sources of Power in Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sources of Power in Organization - Essay Example According to Murphy and Willmott (2010), power is needed to direct the system because it has a formal chain of command in which some responsibilities are essential regardless of the performers. Moreover, some positions in an organization have access to greater resources or their contribution is crucial. Therefore, the significant of power processes in the organization is attributed to the organizational relationships, both vertical and horizontal (Miller, 2008). Sources of Power According to Daft and Marci (2010), leaders at all levels in the organization access power that sometimes end up unrecognized or underused. The leaders may have the power of expertise where influences are as a result of improving and communicating specialized ideas. It comes from the superiors’ credibility with lower level employees, and the experience of work a person has worked in the firm is significant. Moreover, the education qualifications, and perception that an individual has extra ideas on a specific topic can also be the source of expert power. For instance, a lower level secretary may have expert power because he or she has extra details about how the company operates. Meanwhile, she or he can make suggestions on how to increase income via costs reimbursements. However, expert power may result in the ethical problems when it is used to manipulate others or used to obtain an unfair advantage. For instance, accounting firm may obtain additional revenue by ignoring the importance of the accuracy of financial reports that they examine in an audit. Daft and Marci (2010) indicate that referent power may occur when one person perceives that his or her goals are related to another person in the organization. ... The second person may opt to influence the first to take actions that will allow both to attain their objectives. Because they share the same interests, the first person will perceive the other’s use of referent power as beneficial. However, for this power to effective some kind of empathy must exist between the parties. Griffin and Moorhead (2011) claim that identification with others assists to enhance the decision maker’s confidence that increase individual referent power in the organization. According to Griffin and Moorhead (2011), reward power is the situation where individual’s ability to influence the behavior of others by offering them something desirable. Reward power could encourage persons to be selfish and not in the interest of others. Daft and Lane (2005) indicate that coercive is a source of power that is the opposite of reward power. Many organizations have used a system whereby they systematically sack the lowest performing employees in the orga nization on an annual basis. Â  According to Daft and Lane (2005), coercion is used in the situation where there is an inequality of power. It is perceived that an individual who are faced with coercion issues may seek a counterbalance by creating relationships with others, and powerful people end up leaving the organization. Thus, in the organization that practices the coercion power, the alignments usually come to an end in the long run (Champoux, 2010). Murphy and Willmott (2010) indicate that power in the organization can be exercised in various ways that include upward, downward and horizontally. In an organization, a large amount of power is distributed to top managers by the organization system. However, employees also obtain unequal power to their formal positions and exercise

Different perspectives of the American Political System Essay

Different perspectives of the American Political System - Essay Example The aim of this paper is to critically assess the viewpoints regarding the political system of America. In order to assess the perspectives, two films have been selected namely â€Å"Wag the Dog† (1997) and â€Å"Mr. Smith goes to Washington† (1939). The 1997, Black comedy film by Barry Levinson rotates around the story of American politics and the sex scandals of the U.S. President. The President had luring relationships with a ‘firefly’ girl just before the Presidential re-election campaign. The film has reflected the idea that how the American Presidents, in order to hide their scandalous affairs, hire spin-doctors. The purpose of the spin-doctor was to ensure that he might divert the attention of the public, using media propaganda. He easily convinced the audience that America is at war with Albania. In short, it has been showed in the film that how media and other trusted agencies / institutions are in the hand of those, who control it as per their will (Levinson, 1997). Mr. Smith Goes to Washington is the story of good vs. evil in the American political system of the early 90’s. The story revolves around the United States Senate and how corruption leads its way in the American politics. Jimmy Stewart, who in the film is offered with a Senate vacancy, plays the character of Mr. Jefferson Smith. Since, Mr. Smith is an ideal, honest, innocent leader therefore he is easily personified by other evil senators and members of the American political system. The director of the film, Frank Capra, has shown Smith as an underdog who has to face severe challenges in order to survive in the intense competitive and corrupt American political system in order to attain some good (Capra, 1939). The message communicated to the audience through the film ‘Wag the Dog’ is that, that how easy it is to wipe out evidences or fact or to divert the attention of the

Defining Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Defining Religion - Essay Example ?s explanation of his duties as a warrior and the ways where he can elevate his consciousness to the level of Krishna made the Bhavad Gita a structured theology for the Hindus just like the Bible to the Christians. In the Gita, as it is simply known, contains the guide on how to live one’s life which led Hinduism to be â€Å"a way of life†. In the Gita, Lord Krishna explains to Prince Arjuna why he has to fight the Kuruskshetra War to restore his karma; that there is a cycle of birth and death and the soul does not really die but only the body that decays during the cycle of birth and death. This is to allow a person to improve on their karma through their lifetime of action until enlightenment and vijnana is achieved. Darsan for Hinduism is a way of seeing with reverence and devotion that one may receive blessings. It is the equivalent of the Christian faith’s â€Å"vision† of something holy or the divine. In simple practice, Darshan only involves seeing the image of god so that the devotee may experience spiritual upliftment (Pattnaik). The New Testament’s Gospel of Mark and Gospel of John are one of the synoptic gospels of the life of Jesus Christ, the central figure of the Christian faith. The Gospel of Mark is the narration of Jesus Christ’s baptism to His nailing to the cross to ascension. The Gospel of Mark Chapter 14 – 16 is the prelude to Jesus Christ’s nailing to the cross when Judas betrayed Jesus with a kiss. Jesus Christ knows about it as he already predicted the betrayal and had Last Supper with his Disciples before he was arrested. The miracles that Jesus Christ known to perform are also contained in the Gospel of Mark such healing of the sick. The Gospel of John on the other hand accounts the teachings of Jesus Christ when He was doing His ministry. It begun with Jesus Christ’s affirmation with St. John the Baptist and culminated with His resurrection from the dead. Gospel of John’s chapter 1 was Jesus Christ’s teaching

Ap English- the Jungle by Upton Sinclair Essay Example for Free

Ap English- the Jungle by Upton Sinclair Essay The wedding between Jurgis and Ona is an epitome of the various problems in Packingtown. The way the saloon keeper took advantage of the couple is representative of the dishonesty and thievery from the surrounding society. The crowd stranded outside the wedding symbolizes the helpless and hungry inhabitants of Packingtown. When the newlyweds allowed these people into the wedding they quickly transformed into an â€Å"every man for themselves† perspective. In retrospect, the disregard for others that thrived in the society by not providing a money donation to the bride and groom was prevalent. The wedding demonstrates the struggle of Packingtown’s society as well as the future it forces upon its citizens. 2. Vivid Imagery: †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"These bare places were grown up with dingy, yellow weeds, hiding innumerable tomato-cans, innumerable children played upon them, chasing one another here and there, screaming and fighting. † This excerpt describes the area in which the children would play. Sinclair uses words like, â€Å"dingy† to emphasize the situation in which the kids grew up in. â€Å"One wondered about this, as also about the swarms of flies which hung about the scene, literally blackening the air, and the strange, fetid odor which assailed ones nostrils, a ghastly odor, of all the dead things of the universe. † Here Sinclair depicts the horrible situations that people had to deal with when living in Packingtown. When Sinclair talks about the flies blackening the sky, the reader is able to make a mental image of how awful the conditions wer e. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"One with a swift stroke cut the throat; another with two swift strokes severed the head, which fell to the floor and vanished through a hole. Another made a slit down the body; a second opened the body wider , a third with a saw cut the breast-bone; a fourth loosened the entrails; a fifth pulled them out — and they also slid through a hole in the floor. † In this passage Sinclair gives the reader a grotesque image of the working areas in Packingtown. The crude images are very descriptive and add a sense of reality to the story. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Little by little the scene grew plain: towering, black building here and there, long rows of shops and sheds, little railways branching everywhere, bare gray cinders under foot and oceans of billowing black smoke above. While describing the steel mill’s surroundings, Sinclair uses a metaphor to emphasize the environment around the building, â€Å"†¦oceans of billowing black smoke above. † †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦deafening thunder, and whistles shrieked warnings on all sides of him at once; where miniature steam-engines came rushing upon him, and sizzling, q uivering, white-hot masses of metal sped past him, and explosions of fire and flaming sparks dazzled him and scorched his face. † When describing the inner parts of the steel mills, Sinclair uses sensory words to grab the reader’s attention. Words like, â€Å"deafening†, â€Å"shrieked†, â€Å"sizzling†, â€Å"white-hot masses†, â€Å"dazzled† and â€Å"scorched,† add to the mental image portrayed when reading this passage. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦by the stage, he saw the stage, he saw three giant caldrons, big enough for all the devils of hell to brew their broth in, full of something white and blinding, bubbling and splashing, roaring as if volcanoes were blowing through it—one had to shout to be heard in the place. †In this selection the author uses very descriptive language to increase the impact of the scene. â€Å"The devils of hell to brew their broth,† this statement is very intense and strong. It is showing the ways of the steel mill as a hell-like place. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦there fell a pillar of white flame, dazzling as the sun, swishing like a huge tree in the forest. † This example shows how the author is able to use similes to validate the image. With his descriptive words the reader is able to picture the situation clearly. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å" Out of regions of wonder it streamed, the very river of life; and the soul leaped up at the sight of it, fled back upon it, swift and restless, back into far-off lands, where beauty and terror dwell. † This passage is very dramatic. The way Sinclair masterfully creates an image of a â€Å"river of life† and â€Å"the soul leaped up at the sight† is incredible. He is able to give the reader a front row perspective when reading the section. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"So amid deafening uproar it clattered to and fro, growing thinner and flatter and longer. The ingot seemed almost a living thing; it did not want to run this mad course, but it was in the grip of fate, it was tumbled upon, screeching and clanking and shivering in protest. † In this passage the author uses personification to describe the steel mill workplace. When uses this literary term he leaves the reader with a strong image of the steel mill. He gives the ingot a personality and emotion. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"By and by it was long and thin, a great red snake escaped from purgatory; and then, as it slid through the rollers, you would have sworn that it was alive — it writhed and squirmed, and wriggles and shudders passed out through its tail, all but flinging it off by their violence. † This last quote adds to the personification of the ingot. The personification used here is a clear example of Sinclair’s mind thinking, and creativity. The words used here that add to the imagery are, â€Å"squirmed†, â€Å"wiggled†, â€Å"flinging. † All of these words create vivid imagery for the reader. 3. Sympathy: †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Then suddenly her eyes opened one instant. One instant she looked at him there was a flash of recognition between them†¦. she faded from him, she slipped back and she was gone. † In this passage Sinclair uses emotion to pull the reader in. He gives the readers a sign of hope when Ona opens her eye, then he crushes them down when saying she is gone. The reader feels the emotion that Jurgis is feeling when dealing with the death of his wife because of Sinclair’s way of making his words into reality. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"He clutched her hands, he shook her, he caught her in his arms and pressed her to him; but she lay cold and still—she was gone—she was gone! † In this passage Sinclair emphasizes the emotion of Jurgis by repeating his last few words. His use of alliteration adds an echo to an intense scene. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"He gripped his hands and set his teeth together—he had not wept, and he would not—not a tear! It was past and over, and he was done with it—he would fling it off his shoulders, be free of it. † In this passage Jurgis just found out about the death of Antanas. Jurgis does not want to deal with reality, so he ignores the fact that his son is dead. This makes the reader feel sympathy towards Jurgis in his attempt to evade the truth. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"It should go like a black, hateful nightmare, and in the morning he would be new man. And every time that a thought assailed him—a tender memory, a trace of a tear—he rose up, cursing with rage, and pounded it down. This passage is another example of Jurgis’ persistency. His urge to avoid the situation gives the reader an upfront perspective. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"There should be no more tears and no more tenderness; he had had enough of them—they had sold him into slavery. † This passage helps the reader understand the struggles that Jurgis has had to deal with while in Packingtown. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å" So he went on, tearing up all the flowers from the garden of his soul, and setting his heel upon them. † This passage uses an emotional metaphor to enhance the reader’s point of view. Using flowers as Jurgis’ happiness, and saying that he has pulled them out and stomped on them, shows how depressed Jurgis is. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Then, too, his health came back to him, all his lost youthful vigor, his joy and power that he had mourned and forgotten! It came with a sudden rush, bewildering him, startling him; it was as if his dead childhood had come back to him, laughing and calling! † This side of Jurgis is not recognized by the reader. His emotion here is so happy and excited that it gives the reader hope that Jurgis isn’t all bad. 4. Naturalism: â€Å"They had put him behind bars, as if he had been a wild beast, a thing without sense or reason, without rights, without affections, without feelings. † The author is comparing Jurgis to a wild animal. This is ironic because in Jurgis’ job he had to kill wild animals and enclose them. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"They could tell the whole hateful story of it, set forth the inner soul of a city in which ju stice and honor, women’s bodies and men’s souls were for sale in the market-place, and human beings writhed and fought and fell upon each other like wolves in a pit. † Sinclair compares people to fighting wolves. The beastly characteristics of wolves give the reader an image of hostility between people in society. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"He nodded to her, and she came and sat by him, and they had one more drink, and then he went upstairs into a room with her, and the wild beast rose up within him and screamed, as it has screamed in the jungle from the dawn of time. † This passage is interesting because it is comparing Jurgis to an animal in the jungle. And it is ironic because the jungle is the title of the book. 5. In chapter 21, Jurgis is struggling to find his sense of stability. There is an excerpt where Sinclair proves this by writing, â€Å"To a man whose whole life had consisted of doing one certain thing all day, until he was so exhausted that he could only lie down and sleep until the next day—and to be now his own master, working as he pleased and when he pleased, and facing a new adventure every hour! † This passage shows the reader that Jurgis is finding a new way of life and realizing that he doesn’t always have to follow what the norm is. In contrast to the way of Packingtown, Jurgis’ new way of life is free and pleasant. Another contrasting issue is how Jurgis starts the book as a strong headed man. He is working hard for his family and their needs. He is positive that America will help his family and only add to their happiness. By the end of the book Jurgis has no family. America took away the only two people in his life that he loved. He begins to lose trust in people and starts to slowly become a dark and hateful man. 6. Diction: â€Å"Just what,† answered the other, â€Å"would be the productive capacity of society if the present resources of science were utilized, we have no means of ascertaining; but we may be sure it would exceed anything that would sound reasonable to minds inured to the ferocious barbarities of Capitalism. The diction used here is describing capitalism as â€Å"ferocious barbarities. † Sinclair is straight to the point when defending his opinion of being against capitalism and for socialism. Vivid Imagery: It was a monster devouring with a thousand mouths, trampling with a thousand hoofs; it was the Great Butcher — it was the spir it of Capitalism made flesh. Upon the ocean of commerce it sailed as a pirate ship; it had hoisted the black flag and declared war upon civilization. In this passage Sinclair uses intense images to enhance his opinion on Capitalism. He only thinks of Capitalism as a bad way of life with no positives. When reading the passage the reader is able to see Capitalism as a ship, sailing on the ocean, and trying to corrupt society. Juxtaposition: The working-man was to fix his hopes upon a future life, while his pockets were picked in this one; he was brought up to frugality, humility, obedience, — in short to all the pseudo-virtues of capitalism. The destiny of civilization would be decided in one final death-struggle between the Red International and the Black, between Socialism and the Roman Catholic Church; while here at home, the stygian midnight of American evangelicalism —Sinclair puts his two opposing societies in the same paragraph to emphasize his point of view. 7. In the beginning of this book Jurgis saw the stockyards as a way to get a better life for him and his family. The stockyards were Jurgis’ backbone, the main supplier of survival. When the stockyards began to reveal the truth of society, Jurgis realized he was doomed. The stockyards developed into Jurgis’ enemy. They took over his life and began to control it. He was forced to work there in order to survive, even though it disgusted him and sometimes hurt him. In the book it says, â€Å"When Jurgis had first come to the stockyards he had been as clean as any working-man could well be. But later on, what with sickness and cold and hunger and discouragement, and the filthiness of his work, and the vermin in his home, he had given up washing in winter, and in summer only as much of him as would go into a basin. † This shows how Jurgis was dependent of the stockyards, and how the stockyards neglected his needs. 8. Upton Sinclair was trying to get sympathy for the workers in Packingtown. He wanted to show the public what conditions were like and how workers suffered. He also wanted to start a socialistic movement, where society would avoid capitalism and head for socialism. But he actually only made readers want to not eat manufactured food. His descriptive scenes showed the readers the true essence of a factory. His vivid imagery, instead of getting sympathy, started a food purity movement. This book influenced people to start the FDA (Food and Drug Administration). Part 2 QA: 1. Chicago 2. Buying the house 3. Phil Conner 4. Jack Duane 5. Prostitute. QUOTES: â€Å"I will work harder† – This quote is signifying constant determination that Jurgis possesses and his fear of failure. It’s significant throughout the entire book because he is always trying to make a better life for his family and loved ones and yet he continues to fail. â€Å"I did not want—to do it,† she said, â€Å"I tried—I tried not to do it. I only did it—to save us. It was our only chance. † – This shows the pure desperation of Ona’s family and their struggle to withhold a decent life. The author uses pathos to appeal to the reader’s emotion as he emphasizes their pitiful situation. In their oppressive society liberty and humanity are diminished. â€Å"It’s the second time they’ve sent me up on a trumped charge—I’ve had hard luck and can’t pay them what they want. Why don’t you quit Chicago with me Jurgis? † – This quote shows how Jurgis is ready to disregard morals and leave his life. He wants a different and better life. He is thinking about leaving Chicago and the cruel ways of the Packingtown. â€Å"When people are starving,† the other continued, â€Å"and they have anything with a price, they ought to sell it, I say. I guess you realize it now when it’s too late. Ona could have taken care of us all, in the beginning. † – This quote shows the desperation created in capitalistic system. In order to survive, the abandonment or morality and self-respect is necessary. People need to go with the system and evade original ideas. Sinclair also brings up Ona’s death to make the reader feel sorry for the family. â€Å"You know what to do about it—vote the socialistic ticket! † – This quotes juxtaposition to a paragraph that briefly displays some of the flaws in a socialistic community. It’s basically saying that socialism is the way to go. Essay Questions: 1. When people think of a jungle, they imagine struggle, hardships, a dog eat dog society, where the fittest flourish. The predator and prey in Packingtown also exemplifies the title. The ruthless winters and unsanitary conditions of Packingtown illustrate the primitive ways of a jungle. 2. No this book is not an effective piece of persuasive writing. Throughout the book Sinclair talks about the flaws of capitalism without any solutions. When socialism is finally brought up Jurgis is already starting to have a better life and doesn’t need socialism to save him. Therefore defeating the purpose. . This book should be taught in schools. Many pros of it are that it was written by an American. Also it accurately represents America at the time. Finally the main family live in America and has to deal with the struggle most families in America, at that time, had to deal with. In retrospect, the book contrast with traditional American values and beliefs. Also it pulls a negative quilt ove r the American system, portraying it as a desperate society that is in need of a change. Finally it refutes the American dream by showing death and depression in an â€Å"American family†.